Tag: Civil vs Criminal Dispute

Supreme Court Ruling: Courts Must Appoint Arbitrator Even If Serious Fraud is Alleged
Supreme Court

Supreme Court Ruling: Courts Must Appoint Arbitrator Even If Serious Fraud is Alleged

The Supreme Court reaffirmed that under Section 11(6A) of the Arbitration Act, a court's role is prima facie confined to examining the existence of an arbitration agreement. All other contentious issues, including allegations of serious fraud and non-arbitrability, are jurisdictional matters that must be decided by the arbitral tribunal under Section 16. Facts Of The Case: The appellant, Bihar State Food and Civil Supplies Corporation, entered into agreements with various rice millers for the custom milling of paddy procured from farmers. The agreements contained an arbitration clause. When the millers allegedly failed to deliver the stipulated quantity of rice, the Corporation initiated recovery proceedings under the Bihar and Orissa Public Demands Recovery Act, 1914. The millers challe...
Can’t Go Straight to the Magistrate? Supreme Court Explains the Right Way to File an FIR When Police Refuse
Supreme Court

Can’t Go Straight to the Magistrate? Supreme Court Explains the Right Way to File an FIR When Police Refuse

The Supreme Court upheld that a Magistrate's order under Section 156(3) CrPC directing FIR registration, even if passed without the informant first approaching the Superintendent of Police, is a mere procedural irregularity and not illegal. The Court affirmed that such an order must be a reasoned one reflecting application of mind, and refused to quash the FIR at the chargesheet stage, leaving the matter for trial. Facts Of The Case: Based on a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) from 1995, a financial dispute arose between M/s Sunair Hotels Ltd. (SHL) and VLS Finance Ltd. (VLS). SHL alleged that VLS officials had fraudulently induced them into the agreement by promising a public issue that was impossible under SEBI guidelines. After VLS filed several criminal complaints against SHL for fi...
Supreme Court Quashes FIR in Land Dispute : Civil Dispute or Criminal Case?
Supreme Court

Supreme Court Quashes FIR in Land Dispute : Civil Dispute or Criminal Case?

The Supreme Court quashed an FIR under Sections 406 and 420 IPC, ruling that the dispute was purely civil in nature and lacked criminal intent. The Court condemned the misuse of criminal proceedings to pressure the appellants in a land deal, imposing ₹10 lakh costs on the complainant for abuse of legal process. It emphasized that contractual breaches must be resolved through civil remedies, not criminal prosecution, unless fraudulent intent is clearly established. The judgment reaffirmed the need for courts to prevent harassment via frivolous FIRs in commercial disputes. Facts Of The Case: The case involved appellants Mala Choudhary (a 70-year-old widow of an Army officer) and her daughter, who owned a 500-square-yard plot in Telangana. In 2020, they orally agreed to sell the land to a c...
Civil Dispute, Not Crime: SC Quashes FIR Against Businessman Calls It a Contract Issue
Supreme Court

Civil Dispute, Not Crime: SC Quashes FIR Against Businessman Calls It a Contract Issue

The Supreme Court quashed an FIR alleging cheating (Section 420 IPC) and criminal breach of trust (Section 406 IPC), holding that unpaid export transactions constituted a civil dispute, not a criminal offense. The Court emphasized that mere breach of contract, without dishonest intent at inception, cannot attract criminal liability. It ruled that the exporter (M/s. Oswal Overseas), not the accused, was the entrusted party, and the complainant failed to establish fraudulent inducement or entrustment under Sections 405/415 IPC. The judgment reaffirmed that criminal proceedings cannot remedy purely contractual disputes. Facts Of The Case: The case involved a business dispute between Ashok Kumar Jain (appellant), director of a Sri Lankan export-import firm, and a Gujarat-based textile trader...